An adverse effect is a reduction in a living being’s functional capability that may result in a change in its shape, function, growth, development, reproduction or life span.
Toxicology – the study of adverse effects of chemicals on living beings – is a well-established scientific field based on the principle that the dose makes the poison. This means that a substance is harmful only when its dose exceeds a living being’s normal repair functions. This is even true for water, which can be lethal if consumed excessively.
A range of short- and long-term studies on the effects of crop protection active ingredients on living beings and ecosystems are performed to determine if they may cause adverse effects. Tests evaluate potential adverse effects in both vertebrates (including mammals, fish and birds) and invertebrates (i.e., insects, worms and shellfish). Some short-term tests are also done on formulated products. All of these studies are conducted according to international regulatory testing guidelines.
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